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Before discussing the problems, it is important to clarify the formation of the spine and its functions in the body. The spine consists of platform-like discs that act as cushions between the vertebral bodies, reducing the impact of movement on the spine. Due to their location between the vertebrae, discs are sometimes referred to as intervertebral discs.
When one of the spinal discs loses its strength, degenerative disc disease occurs. Disc disease is the appearance of changes in the spinal discs, which leads to significant discomfort. This condition occurs when the intervertebral discs dry out and lose their fluid content, causing friction between the vertebrae and reducing their ability to absorb shock.
The onset of the disease is straightforward, but it gets worse with age, causing wear and tear as the body’s cartilage weakens and becomes brittle; Because both the discs and joints that line the vertebrae are partly composed of cartilage, these areas are vulnerable to wear and tear; These areas are referred to as degenerative changes, and along with them there is a gradual deterioration of the discs located between the vertebrae. Spinal discs consist of an elastic inner core and a rigid outer wall. These discs deteriorate as we age, leading to degenerative disc disease. Drought is one of these changes. These discs are largely filled with water at birth, but with age they lose water and become thinner. Thin flat discs are unable to absorb shock, and their ability to provide protection between the vertebrae is reduced as they lose water, leading to spinal problems and discomfort.
Wear is another type of change that can happen to discs. Daily movements and secondary injuries may lead to tiny tears in the outer wall containing the nerves; Any tear near the nerve causes discomfort. When the outer wall cracks, the soft inner disc center can be pushed through these cracks. A bulging or misplaced disc is referred to as a slipped disc. It may also have an effect on nearby nerves. After walking and exercising, the patient may feel mild pain. In addition, this condition may cause weakness of the leg muscles and numbness in the arms or legs. Advanced stages of degenerative disc degeneration can lead to osteoporosis. Because there are no discs between the vertebrae in this form of osteoporosis, the vertebrae rub against each other, causing discomfort and stiffness in the back and severely restricting the types of activities the patient may perform comfortably.
When one of the spinal discs loses its strength, degenerative disc disease occurs. Disc disease is the appearance of changes in the spinal discs, which leads to significant discomfort. This condition occurs when the intervertebral discs dry out and lose their fluid content, causing friction between the vertebrae and reducing their ability to absorb shock.
The onset of the disease is straightforward, but it gets worse with age, causing wear and tear as the body’s cartilage weakens and becomes brittle; Because both the discs and joints that line the vertebrae are partly composed of cartilage, these areas are vulnerable to wear and tear; These areas are referred to as degenerative changes, and along with them there is a gradual deterioration of the discs located between the vertebrae. Spinal discs consist of an elastic inner core and a rigid outer wall. These discs deteriorate as we age, leading to degenerative disc disease. Drought is one of these changes. These discs are largely filled with water at birth, but with age they lose water and become thinner. Thin flat discs are unable to absorb shock, and their ability to provide protection between the vertebrae is reduced as they lose water, leading to spinal problems and discomfort.
Wear is another type of change that can happen to discs. Daily movements and secondary injuries may lead to tiny tears in the outer wall containing the nerves; Any tear near the nerve causes discomfort. When the outer wall cracks, the soft inner disc center can be pushed through these cracks. A bulging or misplaced disc is referred to as a slipped disc. It may also have an effect on nearby nerves. After walking and exercising, the patient may feel mild pain. In addition, this condition may cause weakness of the leg muscles and numbness in the arms or legs. Advanced stages of degenerative disc degeneration can lead to osteoporosis. Because there are no discs between the vertebrae in this form of osteoporosis, the vertebrae rub against each other, causing discomfort and stiffness in the back and severely restricting the types of activities the patient may perform comfortably.
A herniated disc, or disc pain, occurs when the nucleus pulposus of the disc ruptures and protrudes through the outer annulus fibrosus. The disc between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae in the lower back is most likely to be affected. A herniated disc occurs when a disc becomes weak due to stress or other factors. It ruptures, exposing the inner material of the disc to the outside, or bulges. A herniated disc can occur in any part of the spine, from the neck to the lower back, but is most often found in the lower back. This chip irritates nearby nerves, leading to severe pain, numbness, and weakness in the area of damage.
This health problem causes severe back pain, and because the spine includes a complex network of nerves and blood vessels, if a herniated disc puts pressure on nearby nerves or muscles, the patient may experience additional symptoms, including severe pain in the legs. When a herniated disc occurs in the lower back, the pain is generally concentrated in the buttocks, thigh, and legs, and may extend to parts of the foot.
In addition, the patient may experience numbness and tingling along the nerve that is being compressed by the herniated disc, as well as weakness in the muscles served by the herniated nerves. He may have difficulty maintaining his balance when walking or have problems carrying things.
It should be noted that the symptoms of a herniated disc are not related to back pain, but rather appear through feeling problems in the extremities and vary according to the type of herniated disc, especially since they are divided into two types; The first type is cervical disc herniation, which occurs in the upper vertebrae, and its symptoms appear by feeling pain and numbness in the upper extremities and numbness in the arms. The second type is lumbar disc herniation, which affects the lower vertebrae and what afflicts them. Symptoms are pain and numbness in the lower extremities and numbness in the legs.
It is a narrowing of the spinal canal within the spine that causes pressure on the spinal cord and the nerves that travel through the spine to the feet and legs. This disease usually occurs in the lower back or neck.
This problem occurs when the spaces between the bones that make up the vertebrae narrow, putting pressure on those bones as well as the nerves that run from the spine to the arms and legs. It most commonly affects the lower back and neck.
Whiplash can be caused by a variety of factors, including spinal tumors, bone overgrowth, and spinal injuries, among others. Numbness or tingling in the hands and legs, difficulty walking, nerve damage in the bladder or intestines, leading to urinary incontinence, as well as severe pain when sitting or bending, are all symptoms of this disease. Surgery, muscle relaxants, steroid injections and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are some of the treatments used to treat this disease.
The location of spinal stenosis determines how it is classified. Doctors distinguish between two types of stenosis: neck or lumbar stenosis, which is the most common. The ligaments or cords that hold the spine together may thicken and become stiffer with age, making this disease more common in men and women over the age of 50. Bones and joints can also grow, narrowing the spaces between the vertebrae and causing arthritis, which becomes more common as you get older and can become more severe.
However, it can affect younger people who are born with spinal canal stenosis or who have suffered a spinal injury. Another reason is disc disease, as the discs that separate the vertebrae can crack and prolapse. Other causes include tumors in the spine or sudden exposure to an injury that leads to a change in the spine or the emergence of bone fragments at the site of the injury.
This condition results in cramping, pain and numbness in the legs, back, neck, shoulders or arms, sensory loss in the extremities, and sometimes disturbances in bladder and bowel functions.
It is a narrowing of the spinal canal within the spine that causes pressure on the spinal cord and the nerves that travel through the spine to the feet and legs. This disease usually occurs in the lower back or neck.
This problem occurs when the spaces between the bones that make up the vertebrae narrow, putting pressure on those bones as well as the nerves that run from the spine to the arms and legs. It most commonly affects the lower back and neck.
Whiplash can be caused by a variety of factors, including spinal tumors, bone overgrowth, and spinal injuries, among others. Numbness or tingling in the hands and legs, difficulty walking, nerve damage in the bladder or intestines, leading to urinary incontinence, as well as severe pain when sitting or bending, are all symptoms of this disease. Surgery, muscle relaxants, steroid injections and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are some of the treatments used to treat this disease.
The location of spinal stenosis determines how it is classified. Doctors distinguish between two types of stenosis: neck or lumbar stenosis, which is the most common. The ligaments or cords that hold the spine together may thicken and become stiffer with age, making this disease more common in men and women over the age of 50. Bones and joints can also grow, narrowing the spaces between the vertebrae and causing arthritis, which becomes more common as you get older and can become more severe.
However, it can affect younger people who are born with spinal canal stenosis or who have suffered a spinal injury. Another reason is disc disease, as the discs that separate the vertebrae can crack and prolapse. Other causes include tumors in the spine or sudden exposure to an injury that leads to a change in the spine or the emergence of bone fragments at the site of the injury.
This condition results in cramping, pain and numbness in the legs, back, neck, shoulders or arms, sensory loss in the extremities, and sometimes disturbances in bladder and bowel functions.
One of the most common diseases of the spine is osteoporosis, which results from bones losing their ability to withstand injuries and shocks, as well as not bearing excess weight. Genetic factors, lack of physical activity, a diet lacking in nutrients, as well as advanced age and hormonal imbalances, all contribute to the disease. This disease is treated with a combination of vitamin D, calcium-rich foods, and hormonal medications.
When the rate of new bone formation is slower than the rate of old bone breakdown, osteoporosis develops and osteoporosis-related fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine develop.
The problem with osteoporosis of the spine is that it has no symptoms, and patients are not aware of their injury until after it occurs. However, some symptoms, such as pain in the lower back, tingling from the lower leg to the foot, and the inability to stand up straight without pain, may indicate a bone problem.
Tumors affecting the vertebrae can spread from cancers to other parts of the body, but some tumors, such as chordoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, plasmacytoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma, begin within the bones of the spine. Spinal tumors can be cancerous or non-cancerous, and can originate in the spine or spread from another part of the body to the vertebrae, which is known as secondary. About a third of primary myeloid tumors arise in cells within the spinal cord, and these tumors can extend within the spinal cord to block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in the formation of a fluid-filled cavity – syrinx-, while the majority of primary spinal cord tumors arise in cells adjacent to the spinal cord Spinal cords, such as those found in the meninges. Meningiomas and neurofibromas, which arise in paramedullary cells, are the most common noncancerous benign tumors.
The most common type is secondary myeloma. They are cancerous metastases that originate in another part of the body and spread to the vertebrae. These metastatic cancers compress the spinal cord and nerve roots in the medulla, as well as invade and destroy bone.
The spinal cord, nerve roots, blood vessels, and spinal bones are all affected by spinal tumors. Back pain is a common symptom of early-stage spinal tumors. The hips, legs, feet, and arms may also be affected, and the pain may worsen over time. Due to the growth of the tumor mass, the patient may experience pain at the tumor site.
Back pain that spreads to other parts of the body and gets worse at night, difficulty walking, which can lead to falls and problems with balance; The patient also suffers from loss of sensation or muscle weakness, especially in the arms and legs. Muscle weakness in different parts of the body, which can be mild or severe.
To treat the tumor, neurosurgeons use ultrasound, microsurgery, laser surgery, and modern fusion and stabilization techniques, such as vertebroplasty and meningiectomy, to help restore functional movement and relieve pain.
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