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Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery in Türkiye Brain Surgery

Neurosurgery in Turkey is considered one of the surgeries that require precision work and extreme care. Therefore, Tadawi has always been keen to contract with the most skilled neurologists in Turkey, in addition to equipping the operating rooms with the latest surgical equipment and medical devices, in addition to employing a team of the best nurses subject to the best training courses in the Field of medical work.

Neurosurgery
عمليات الجراحة

Why is brain surgery performed?

Brain surgery is performed to correct physical abnormalities in the brain and these abnormalities can be due to a birth defect, disease, injury, or other problems. You may need surgery if you have any of the following conditions in or around your brain:

Abnormal blood vessels (vascular malformation)

Vascular malformations are unusual tangles of blood vessels that cause multiple, irregular connections between arteries and veins in part of the brain or on the surface of the brain. Arteries usually carry oxygen-rich blood away from your heart to the body's cells, organs, and tissues. Veins return blood with a lesser amount of oxygen to the lungs. In the event that the blood vessels are deformed, a shortcut is created for blood to pass directly from the arteries to the veins and bypass the tissues, thus causing tissue damage and death.

Cerebral aneurysm

A cerebral aneurysm occurs in a blood vessel in the brain and is not related to the aneurysm of other blood vessels in the body. An aneurysm may look like a small blood-filled bulge connected to the blood vessel by a stalk. This condition is called a saccular or thymic aneurysm, and symptoms include: A ruptured brain aneurysm may cause severe headaches, neck pain and stiffness, increased drowsiness, paralysis, seizures, slurred speech, and visual problems, while an unruptured brain aneurysm may have no symptoms.

Cerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage, or brain hemorrhage, is a bleeding that occurs between the brain tissue and the skull or within the brain tissue. Cerebral hemorrhage is a serious, life-threatening health condition that requires immediate medical attention. Brain hemorrhage can limit oxygen delivery to the brain, causing headaches, nausea, vomiting, tingling in the extremities, or facial paralysis. Doctors look at two main affected areas of the brain when determining the type of brain hemorrhage (bleeding inside the skull and outside the brain tissue, bleeding inside the brain tissue).

brain attack

A stroke is the interruption of blood supply to any part of the brain, also called a brain attack. If blood flow stops for longer than a few seconds and the brain cannot get blood and oxygen, brain cells can die, and the functions responsible for that area of the brain are lost. Symptoms of a stroke include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially if it occurs on one side of the body, sudden difficulty speaking or understanding, sudden difficulty seeing in one or both eyes, sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance and coordination, sudden severe headache with no known cause.

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic, non-contagious disease that affects the brain. Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures, which are short bouts of involuntary movement that may involve part of the body (partial) or the entire body (general) and are sometimes accompanied by loss of consciousness and loss of control over bowel or bladder function.

Nerve damage or irritation

Nerve damage is a pathological condition that affects the nerves in the brain, spinal cord, or extremities, or autonomic nerve damage may occur. In all of these cases, nerve damage leads to a wide range of symptoms, including (inability to feel chest pain, excessive sweating, dizziness, dry eyes, dry mouth, Constipation, bladder dysfunction, impotence, general weakness, muscle atrophy, tingling sensation, paralysis.

Fluid accumulation in the brain

It is a condition in which a clear organic fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord (excess cerebrospinal fluid) accumulates within the cavity or ventricles of the brain. Fluid buildup in the brain can put harmful pressure on brain tissue trapped inside the skull. Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain usually occurs because of increased production of the fluid, a decreased rate of absorption, or a condition that prevents its normal flow through the ventricular system.

Skull fracture

A skull fracture is a head injury to the skull bone. The severity of the condition varies depending on the severity of the fracture. Mild fractures can cause few problems and heal over time, but severe fractures may lead to serious complications including bleeding, brain damage, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection, and seizures. There are four types of skull fractures (linear skull fracture, low skull fracture, skull base fracture, and penetrating skull fracture).

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements, such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination. These symptoms usually start mild and worsen as the disease progresses. People with Parkinson's disease may have difficulty walking and talking and may have mental and behavioral changes, sleep problems, depression, memory difficulties, and fatigue.

Brain tumors

A brain tumor is a growth of cells in or near the brain. There are several different types of primary brain tumors. Some brain tumors are not cancerous. These tumors are called benign brain tumors. Benign brain tumors may grow over time and cause pressure on brain tissue. Other brain tumors are brain cancers, also called malignant brain tumors. Brain cancers may grow quickly. Cancer cells can invade and destroy brain tissue.

Blood clots in the brain

A blood clot in the brain occurs when a blood vessel in the brain begins to narrow, preventing enough blood from flowing to other parts of the body. This can cause pain, seizures, and headaches. In some cases, a blood clot in the brain can lead to permanent disability or even death.

When surgery is complete, the bone flap is usually held in place with plates, sutures, or wires. The hole may be left open if there are tumors, infections, or swelling in the brain. When left open the procedure is known as a craniectomy.

Risks of brain surgery

All surgeries carry some risks. Brain surgery is a major medical event. Carries additional risks.

Potential risks associated with brain surgery include:

  • Allergic reaction to anesthesia
  • Brain hemorrhage
  • blood clot
  • Brain swelling
  • Coma
  • Impaired speech, vision, coordination, or balance
  • Infection in the brain or at the wound site
  • Memory problems
  • Seizures
  • brain attack

Preparing for brain surgery

The specialist doctor supervising the patient's treatment will give all instructions regarding how to prepare for surgery.

It is necessary for the patient to tell the doctor supervising his treatment about any medications he is taking, including nutritional supplements and medications that do not require a prescription. The patient may have to stop taking these medications in the days before the procedure. The patient must also inform the doctor supervising the treatment about any surgeries he has previously performed if he is allergic to specific materials or medications, or if the patient is a smoker or drinks alcohol. The patient may be given special soap to wash his hair before surgery.

Follow-up after brain surgery

Immediately after surgery, the patient will be closely monitored to make sure everything is working properly. The patient will be sitting in an elevated position to prevent swelling in the face and brain.

Recovery from brain surgery depends on the type of operation that will be performed and a typical hospital stay for brain surgery can last up to a week or more. The length of the patient’s stay in the hospital depends on how well the patient’s body responds to the surgery and the patient will take painkillers during this time.

Before the patient leaves the hospital, the doctor supervising his treatment will explain to him the steps that follow the surgical procedure. This will include how to care for the surgical incision if one exists.

Types of neurosurgery?

Neurovascular surgery

Neurovascular surgery involves treating vascular malformations in the brain and spinal cord. Examples include brain aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and spinal arteriovenous fistulas.

Neurosurgery for children

Pediatric neurosurgery treats children's nervous system problems and head and spine deformities including head deformities, spinal deformities, brain, spinal or nerve injuries, and birth injuries.

Neurosurgery for tumors

Neuro-oncology is the treatment of patients with benign and malignant tumors of the brain, skull, base of the skull, spine, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Neurosurgery of peripheral nerves

Peripheral nerve neurosurgery is used to improve nerve function and reduce pain and disability in people with peripheral nerve disorders, such as acute nerve injuries, entrapment neuropathy, and nerve sheath tumors.

Interventional Neurotherapy

Interventional Neurotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment for lesions of the head, neck, spine, brain, and spinal cord

Neurosurgery of the base of the skull

Skull base neurosurgery is performed to remove both cancerous and non-cancerous tumors and abnormalities in the underside of the brain, the base of the skull, or the top few vertebrae of the spine.

Functional Neurosurgery

Functional neurosurgery treats chronic nerve disorders that hinder a person's function and motor ability and includes several conditions such as paralysis, tremor, spasticity, which is a health condition in which the muscles contract continuously, and epilepsy.

Neurological intensive care

Neuro Intensive Care is a highly advanced unit within the Neurology Department, equipped with cutting-edge medical technology and overseen by specialized and experienced staff. It caters to patients with severe neurological conditions, providing specialized and closely monitored treatment tailored to each patient's health status.

Neurosurgery of the spine and spinal cord

Neurosurgery of the spine and spinal cord is performed to treat degenerative conditions such as back pain, spinal stenosis, disc herniation, trauma (vertebral fractures), tumors (in the bones of the spine and spinal cord), congenital deformities of the spine,

Why choose Tedavi for Neurosurgery?

We at Tadawi combine medical expertise and advanced technology to ensure that our neurosurgery is safe and of the highest quality standards. We rely on a wide network of distinguished doctors and surgeons in Turkey to guarantee you an effective treatment that meets your expectations.

common questions

Neurosurgery can help if you have any of the following conditions in or around your brain:

  • Abnormal blood vessels
  • Aneurysm
  • Bleeding
  • Blood clots
  • Damage to the protective tissue called “dura”
  • Epilepsy
  • Abscesses
  • Nerve damage or irritation
  • Nerves
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Stress after a head injury
  • Skull fracture
  • Apoplexy
  • Brain tumors
  • Fluid accumulation in the brain

Recovery from neurosurgery depends on the type of operation performed, and a typical hospital stay for brain surgery can last up to a week or more. The length of your hospital stay depends on how your body responds to surgery and you will take pain relievers during this time.

Yes, in some cases, specialized medications, physical therapy, and nerve stimulation techniques may help recovery. The specialist doctor is the one most capable of assessing the extent of the damage and the appropriate method of treatment.

Spine surgery is concerned with spinal cord injuries, spinal cord tumors, or herniated discs.

Brain surgery deals with injuries that occur in the brain, such as blockage of blood vessels in the brain, brain hemorrhage, or tumors.

Tadawi is keen to contract with the most skilled doctors in Turkey to ensure that our neurosurgery is safe and of the highest quality standards.

Of course, your doctor will give you complete instructions on how to prepare for surgery. You should make sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking. Including nutritional supplements and over-the-counter medications. You should also tell your doctor about any previous surgeries, if you are allergic to certain substances or medications, or if you are a smoker or drink alcohol. You may be given a special soap to wash your hair before surgery.

Potential risks associated with brain surgery include:

  • Allergic reaction to anesthesia
  • Brain hemorrhage
  • blood clot
  • Brain swelling
  • Coma
  • Impaired speech, vision, coordination, or balance
  • Infection in the brain or at the wound site
  • Memory problems
  • Seizures
  • brain attack

All neurosurgeries are difficult and complex, but brain-related surgeries are often more sensitive and precise.

Certainly, neurosurgery is considered a high-risk surgery, but scientific advances and the skill of doctors have made the procedure safer than before.

It depends on the skill of the doctor and the place where the operation is performed. We at Tadawi are keen to contract with the most skilled doctors in Turkey to ensure that our neurosurgery is safe and of the highest quality standards, achieving the best possible success rates.

You can learn more about this topic by reviewing our medical articles.

 

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تعد العمليات الدماغية من العمليات الدقيقة الحساسة، التي نحتاجها لعلاج بعض المشاكل المرضية التي تصيب الدماغ، حيث يقوم الجراح باختيار نوع العملية المناسبة لحالة المريض اعتمادًا على عدة عوامل مختلفة كالمنطقة المصابة، والمشكلة الصحية المراد علاجها.

حج القحف


حيث يقوم الجراح بعمل شقٍ بفروة الرأس في منطقة قريبة لمكان المشكلة، ويقوم الطبيب بإزالة جزء من الجمجمة، وحفظه، ثم يقوم بفصل الطبقة السميكة التي تغطي الدماغ مباشرة وتفصله عن العظام، ويقوم بفتح شقٍ بحذر ليرى الدماغ، من الممكن أن يستخدم الجراح أدوات جراحية مجهرية كالمجهر الجراحي ليكبر المنطقة المصابة، بالإضافة لأجهزة المراقبة.

يبدأ الجراح بالعملية المطلوبة فمن الممكن أن تكون إزالة ورم في الدماغ، أو علاج تمدد الأوعية الدموية الدماغي، أو صرف الدم، والسوائل من الالتهاب، أو إزالة الأنسجة غير الطبيعية، وعند الانتهاء من العملية يقوم الطبيب بخياطة طبقات الأنسجة معًا،

ومن ثم يُعيد جزء الجمجمة المحفوظ مكانه باستخدام صفائح، وخيوط أو أسلاك، ومن الجدير بالذكر أنه في حال وجد الجراح ورمًا أو التهابًا في العظام أو إذا احتاجت الحالة وضع مخفف للضغط لن يقوم الجراح بإرجاع جزء الجمجمة المحفوظ.

الخزعة


يتم اختيار هذا النوع من العمليات لإزالة جزء صغير من أنسجة الدماغ أو الورم، ليتم فحصها باستخدام المجهر، حيث يقوم الجراح بعمل شقٍ صغير بالرأس، وفتحة صغيرة بالجمجة، حتى يتمكن من إدخال إبرةٍ في الدماغ، وقد يحتاج الجراح تصوير الدماغ بالرنين المغناطيسي أو التصوير المقطعي لمعرفة مكان الورم، ثم يقوم بأخذ خزعة من الورم مثلًا باستخدام الإبرة، ويقوم بإغلاق الشق، وخياطته عند الانتهاء.

وبعد العملية يقوم الجراح بمراقبة معدل نبضات القلب، وضغط الدم، والإشارات العصبية، حيث تساعد مراقبتها تقييم وظائف الدماغ، وسيقوم بمراقبة ردة فعل الحدقة تجاه الضوء، وسيراقب ذاكرتك، وسهولة استيقاظك بعد العملية.

جراحة التنظير الداخلي الأنفي
يتمكن الجراح من خلال جراحة التنظير الداخلي الأنفي إزالة الورم أو الآفة من خلال الأنف أو الجيوب الأنفية، حيث من الممكن أن يصل الجراح لأماكن محددة من الدماغ دون الحاجة لعمل شقٍ، وفتحة في الرأس.

ويقوم الجراح بإدخال المنظار الذي يحتوي على كاميرا، وضوء ليتمكن من رؤية مكان العملية، يمكن اللجوء لهذا النوع عندما يكون الورم على الغدة النخامية، قاعدة الجمجمة، أو على الجزء السفلي من الدماغ.

تنظير الأعصاب


يقوم جراح الأعصاب بإزالة الورم عن طريق فتحة صغيرة بالجمجمة أو عن طريق الأنف أو الفم، حيث يتمكن الجراح من الوصول لأماكن في الدماغ لا يمكن الوصول لها بالجراحة التقليدية، وإزالة الورم دون الحاجة لعمل شقٍ أو أذية أجزاء أخرى من الجمجمة، ومن الممكن اللجوء لها لإزالة أورام الغدة النخامية، أورام المنطقة الصنوبرية، وأورام قاعدة الجمجة.

ويتم إدخال المنظار للوصول لمكان المشكلة، حيث يمكن للجراح تتبع مسار المنظار من خلال الكاميرا الموجودة عليه، ومن الجدير بالذكر قد يقوم الجراح بإضافة أدوات أخرى على المنظار كإضافة منظار آخر يحتوي على ملقط، ومقص في نهايته لتساعده على إزالة الورم أو أخذ الخزعة.

التحفيز العميق للدماغ


يتم اللجوء لهذه العملية للأشخاص المصابين بمشاكل الحركة كالمصابين بخلل التوتر، والصرع، ومتلازمة توريت أو لاضطراب الوسواس القهري، حيث يقوم الطبيب بعمل فتحات صغيرة في الجمجمة كما الحال في عملية خزعة الدماغ، وبعد ذلك يتم إدخال أقطاب كهربائية على أنسجة الدماغ، تعمل على إرسال نبضات كهربائية لتنظم النبضات الغير طبيعية، أو لتؤثر على خلايا أو مواد كيميائية معينة داخل الدماغ.

يقوم الجراح بالتحكم بكمية التحفيز عند التحفيز العميق الدماغي من خلال جهاز شبيه بمنظم ضربات القلب، حيث تكون الأقطاب الكهربائية الموجودة في الدماغ موصولة بهذا الجهاز من خلال أسلاك تحت الجلد.

ملخص


يوجد هنالك عدة أنواع لعمليات الدماغ، حيث يقوم الجراح المختص باختيار النوع المناسب لحالة المريض بناءً على المنطقة المصابة، والمشكلة الصحية المراد علاجها، ومن هذه الأنواع عملية حج القحف، الخزعة، التنظير الداخلي الأنفي، تنظير الأعصاب، والتحفيز العميق للدماغ.

 

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